فصلنامه برنامه ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی
پیاپی 52 (پاییز 1401)

Work hope, as one of the dimensions of social hope, can lead to the promotion of economic and social resilience in society. In order to investigate this index, the present article studies the demographic and socio-economic factors affecting work hope in Tehran. Data of 1200 respondents were collected through a questionnaire and multi-stage stratified sampling in 2017 and analyzed applying GSEM. Findings showed that women comparing to men, the unemployed compared to the employed and residents of less-developed and middle-developed areas comparing to developed and more developed areas had less work hope. By increasing age and psychological insecurity feeling, work hope decreases and by increasing number of educational years and organizational trust, work hope increases. the significant indirect effects of the number of children, the number of hours using Internet and the socio-economic insecurity feeling showed that increasing these variables reduces the work hope. The results also showed that failure to meet the job expectations of respondents, especially women, the unemployed, residents of less developed area and the elderly leads to polarization of society and formation of class divisions. The policy message of the present study is that in order to spread work hope among the citizens of Tehran, the positive impact of educational level and organizational trust variables, especially among residents of developed area should be used as a valuable opportunity.

Positive action / discrimination comes in many forms, from anti discrimination policies to strict quota policies, all are forms of action / discrimination. Therefore, different gender approaches can use these policies for different purposes. Positive Discrimination / Positive Action refers to a set of laws, policies, regulations, and processes that aim to put disadvantaged groups on an equal footing with privileged groups. Since the Third Development Plan, the women's section has been formally included in the plans, but despite the various policies that have been considered to include women in the development debate, there are still issues in this area. In this study, by means of qualitative content analysis, policy documents in the fields of education and employment from the perspective of positive discrimination were examined. The results show that policies in the field of positive discrimination have been based primarily on the role reconciliation approach, secondarily on empowerment and thirdly on structural reforms towards legal similarity between men and women; But these policies have not only been implemented due to the lack of consensus at the discourse level and the lack of the necessary infrastructure, but also in terms of inclusion, only two groups of women, including elite women and deprived women, have been considered by policymakers.

Social and structural changes have increased the bio-social context of people with disabilities; However, people with disabilities face major problems in this area and their social life is disrupted. Therefore, the issue of social life and social contexts of the lives of people with disabilities becomes important and important.

The systematic review used in this study. The statistical population includes all available studies and researches that have addressed the dimensions of social life and social contexts of people with physical and mobility disabilities in Iran. Related studies were searched in the scientific databases of the country in the period of 1996-2021, and 117 studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the studies. In order to obtain information and analyze the data of studies, data mining worksheets in the form of 12 indicators were designed and adjusted and the basisof coding and annotation was done by researchers.

In reviewing the study data, it was found that most studies have been conducted in central Iran and studies in terms of social life and its social contexts fall into two categories of mental actions and objective actions of social life of people with physical disabilities. Factors affecting social life include four factorsdemographic, socio-cultural, structural and physical, and individual-psychological. Also, solutions and suggestions are presented in three dimensions: socio-cultural, economic and consulting.

The aim of this study was to explain the awareness of the family in dealing with high-risk relationships and related diseases and their impact on social welfare and development. The method of study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data using grounded method (Strauss and Corbin, 1997). The statistical population consisted of all experts in the study area and Tehran parents. Twelve people were selected using purposive sampling, theoretical sampling, as well as inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research tool included semi-structured interviews. For data analysis, three steps coding was applied, including open, axial and selective. Awareness of sexually transmitted diseases and their causal, contextual and intervening conditions has been the paradigm model of this research. Finally ,Early onset of high-risk sexual behaviors causes sexually transmitted diseases and substance use, increases the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and subsequent infertility, infertility, misconduct and adolescents' chronic and incurable diseases, and ultimately reduces the effective and efficient force of society. Therefore, it seems that this lack of awareness can affect the indicators of social welfare and impose high social costs on society and ultimately lead to adverse consequences at the levels of social welfare and development.

In a world at risk of emerging crises, modern governments need the presence and subsidiary participation. Due to their high capacity and motivation, student groups are one of the most important components of participation in aid activities. The aim of this study is exploring and detection the barriers and challenges of student support actions in Covid 19 among student groups in Yazd. The present study is a qualitative study based on framework analysis in which the participants are 15 student groups who worked actively in the first and second coronavirus waves in Yazd. The findings showed that these groups face multidimensional internal and external challenges in the face of crisis. The five themes extracted are: The politicization of administrators, low level of social capital of groups, the group's staff challenge, institutional neglect and repression, and ultimately exhaustion. As a result, it can be said that policy makers should pay more attention to the high role and capacity of student groups in the crisis and take action to improve their knowledge and skills in this field. The most important strategy in this regard is to eliminate politicization in such actions, especially in times of crisis. Also, the society needs to promote the public culture in order to be more responsible and the culture of dialogue and tolerance, especially in crises.

 The main purpose of this study is to construct and validate a questionnaire to assess the social communication skills of students of Amin University of Law Enforcement Sciences. The present study is of applied-developmental type and in terms of quantitative methods of data collection is descriptive-survey type. In order to obtain formal validity, CVR and CVI indices were estimated using experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using the internal consistency method. The population of the present study was all undergraduate and graduate students approved by Amin University of Law Enforcement Sciences, from which they were selected by relative class sampling method (397 people). The results of factor analysis of confirmatory data in the form of measurement model after providing all the assumptions showed that out of 195 items identified for social communication skills, 131 items were correlated with their components (9 components) and were approved as the final questions of the questionnaire. Were located. This study showed that the social communication skills questionnaire with appropriate validity and reliability coefficients is a suitable tool for measuring students' social communication skills and can be used to standardize it in students.Validation, communication skills model, personal communication, intra-organizational skills, extra-organizational skills.

The purpose of this study was to recognize the role of vital events announcement in the macro-level planning and policy-makings of Kurdistan province. This study was conducted in the center of Kurdistan in 2019-2020 based on survey methods, and data was collected by self-declared questionnaire. The statistical population included all specialists, general managers, deputies and experts in the field of planning and development working in organizations of Kurdistan that 354 of them were selected by disproportionate classified and accessible methods. The data analyzed in SPSS software package. This study while depicting the usefulness of vital event statistics in macro-level planning and policy-makings, relying on the results of the One-sample T-test showed that the observed mean in the components of increasing equality, increasing coordination in policy-making and improving policy-making programs was statistically significant (Sig=0.000). In other words, the agencies in charge of planning in Kurdistan are less than expect to use vital event statistics for planning purposes. Also the results of the Friedman test, confirmed the lack of usage capacity in the planning of responsible agencies and organizations, especially in reducing inequality in society and the existence of coordination in planning. The study warns of the need for serious attention and the use of vital events and statistics recorded by officials in order to planning and make more accurate and systematic policies in various aspects.

The sudden onset of Corona disease has caused anxiety in the family, especially mothers. Because getting sick, in addition to the risks to physical health, has various psychological effects such as chronic anxiety due to getting Corona disease and fear of death. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the state of happiness and resilience of mothers in the face of Corona anxiety. This study was conducted by survey method. The statistical population of the study is all married women with children over 20 years old in Kashan city that multi-stage cluster sampling method has been used. Data collection tools were the standard Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, the resilience variable by the Connor and Davidson questionnaire, and the anxiety caused by Corona by Alipoor et al. Also, using Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability and coefficient above 70% for each dimension was calculated, which indicates the appropriate reliability of the questionnaire. The results of this study show that happiness (life satisfaction, positive mood, health, efficiency, self-esteem) and women’s resilience (acceptance of positive emotions, spirituality, trust in personal instincts, competence) on Corona anxiety (physical and psychological symptoms) are related and its value is equal to 0.4778.